In recent years, the rail industry has seen steady growth, driven by rising urbanization and the push for environmental sustainability, which have spurred government initiatives and new funding opportunities. This growth has led to a dramatic rise in train passengers, intensifying the pressure on operators to invest in technology that enhances efficiency, safety, and the overall experience for both passengers and staff. As a result, rail transport has emerged as a highly attractive and competitive option.

The digitalization of transportation infrastructure is revolutionizing how trains are managed. In this new digitalized world, WAN networks have become paramount in ensuring reliable train-to-ground communications. The advancement of 5G cellular technology has reached a level where passengers on metros and high-speed trains can relax in their seats while enjoying seamless internet access and streaming movies, much like they would from the comfort of their own homes.

Additionally, the ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLCC) capabilities of 5G networks enable onboard systems to implement real-time monitoring and preventive management tools. This reduces operational costs and enhances safety across the rail sector, both on the ground and onboard. The WAN connects multiple LANs within the train, resulting in highly complex Train Communication Networks (TCNs). As the number of networks increases, the system becomes more vulnerable to external cyber-attacks.

The railway industry is prioritizing cybersecurity to safeguard network integrity and prevent disruptions that could harm assets, passengers, or staff. Increased investments in cybersecurity are focused on risk management and regulatory compliance. Moreover, to implement these mitigation plans, cybersecurity systems are now designed to be proactive, identifying potential incidents before they occur. They prevent unauthorized access by hackers, intercept malicious traffic through security policies, and ensure comprehensive logging and reporting of incidents.