Train operators are increasingly adopting a rolling stock digitalization strategy to stand out in the highly competitive public transport market. The right digitalization technologies not only improve the passenger experience, drawing more customers, but also reduce operational costs by enhancing maintenance efficiency.

This digitalization relies on dependable, secure ground-to-train communications to avoid unplanned stoppages, associated costs, and reputational damage. Reliability is ensured through multi-WWAN capabilities such as 4G, 5G, and trackside Wi-Fi. Satellite connectivity also serves as a crucial backup, ensuring high availability and preventing service disruptions. In an environment where multipath networks are essential, intelligent SD-WAN technology facilitates efficient and secure remote WAN management. With SD-WAN, operators can implement Quality of Service (QoS) and end-to-end Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to control jitter, packet loss, and other network issues, ensuring encrypted and well-managed data traffic. 

Market research indicates that the digital railway sector is set for significant growth, with projections for strong revenue and a double-digit compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2023 to 2032. One driving force behind this expansion is the cost effectiveness of train travel compared to flying. More importantly, railways are considered more environmentally friendly, consistently producing lower CO2 emissions than other means of transport, both for long-distance travel and local urban commutes. Substantial public and private investments (such as the European Recovery and Resilience Plan and the Next Generation plan)  are fueling the expansion and modernization of railway networks and IT infrastructure, both trackside and onboard. These funds also support the implementation of government regulations aimed at improving security, predictive maintenance, and operational efficiency, which will reduce costs and prevent accidents.

These investments will also enhance the passenger experience with better Internet connectivity,  more accurate scheduling, and optimized planning. Such improvements hinge on the integration of new technologies like distributed sensors, IoT edge points, and AI-powered data processing and analytics to optimize decision-making processes.

However, as these technological networks expand, the risk of security threats and breaches increases, whether from accidents or malicious agents.

The railway industry is one of the most security-critical sectors, where the protection of  assets, staff, and passengers is paramount. However, the complexity of the Train Communication Network (TCN), which integrates equipment from various providers (mostly operating on open systems and standardized protocols), exposes the entire system to a wide range of vulnerabilities and cyber threats.

The rolling stock market increasingly demands enhanced connectivity and onboard security to improve operational efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and elevate the customer experience. This includes providing better services such as Internet access, content streaming, and gaming.

Teldat’s product range offers a comprehensive solution to the challenges of rolling stock digitalization. Our hardware is built on cutting-edge technologies, including 4G, 5G, and Wi-Fi 6, ensuring reliable connectivity that strengthens Teldat’s brand and reputation in the market. With multichannel load balancing and aggregation techniques, our routers can manage up to four cellular streams simultaneously, each from a different Mobile Network Operator (MNO).

Additional streams from external sources, such as satellite communications or trackside Wi-Fi, can also be seamlessly integrated, making the device ideal for any application where reliable connectivity is crucial. For environments focused on operational efficiency, Teldat’s routers can be equipped with a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) for real-time AI-based edge computing and analytics. These routers can process data form sensors distributed throughout the train, monitoring parameters like passenger environment (CO2 levels, temperature, and humidity), door vibrations, seat occupancy, and more.

In situations where onboard offloading connectivity is critical, Teldat’s Access Points manage Wi-Fi HotSpots, enabling Internet access in high-density passenger environments. These devices ensure uninterrupted service and top-quality performance at all times.

For added flexibility, each modem includes an embedded eSIM, allowing remote MNO switching for operational efficiency, eliminating the need for manual, onsite adjustments.

The router also provides Wi-Fi 6 connectivity, which can operate in Access Point mode for Wi-Fi Hotspot service or Client mode to enhance ground-to-train connectivity in specific locations like depots or train stations. These data streams are continuously monitored and optimized through load-balancing  and aggregation algorithms, minimizing communication disruptions.

The Teldat H5-Rail also features a four-port Layer-3 managed Ethernet switch, with data throughput capabilities of up to 2.5 Gbps, which can either connect to the train’s backbone network or manage its own LAN, linking peripherals such as access points and servers.

With support for up to four concurrent LTE modules, the router enhances WAN resilience through multi-WWAN management, load-balancing, and channel aggregation. Its advanced link monitoring capabilities ensure reliable and resilient ground-to-train communication, essential for scenarios requiring critical communications. Additionally, the LTE modems feature dual SIM provisioning, enabling active and back up Mobile Network Operator (MNO) management.

The H2-Rail platform also includes a four-port Ethernet switch, providing seamless LAN connectivity and easy integration into existing onboard infrastructure.

5Ge Rail

The 5Ge-Rail is a 5G enabler designed for scenarios where additional 5G connectivity is needed. It can seamlessly integrate with Teldat’s H2-Rail or any other communication gateway that requires enhanced cellular connectivity. Compatible with both Teldat and third-party devices, its compact size allows for installation near the antenna, reducing wiring, costs, and improving coverage while minimizing electrical noise and signal loss. In addition to being an auxiliary device, the 5Ge-Rail can function as a standalone router, providing full 5G communications and managing an entire LAN network.

It comes equipped with two 2.5Gb Ethernet ports, one of which supports Power over Ethernet (PoE). The 5Ge-Rail also supports NMEA GNSS signals for geolocation services and includes dual SIM capabilities.

The device connects to the onboard LAN using two 2.5Gb Ethernet ports, both featuring PoE capabilities, eliminating the need for a nearby power source. With the latest WPA3 security standard, this Access Point ensures the highest level of security. Its high efficiency is achieved by combining Wi-Fi 6 technology with MU-MIMO 4×4, optimizing spectrum use.

The primary communication challenge for fast-moving rolling stock is ensuring the stability and reliability of the connection itself. In the IoT Automotive and Railway markets, Teldat has leveraged its extensive experience, built over years of investment and development in advanced network management technologies. By integrating advanced routing protocols with load balancing, aggregation mechanisms, and link monitoring capabilities, Teldat has established itself as a leader in the railway communication industry. Its trusted solutions are embedded in cutting-edge equipment, providing the most reliable and resilient ground-to-vehicle communication and  onboard Wi-Fi hotspots.

Cybersecurity is equally crucial in the rolling stock industry. Teldat plays a significant role by developing its own cybersecurity solutions, ensuring that onboard systems are secure and safe. This enables train operators to protect their assets, staff, and customers while providing a safe and enjoyable travel experience.

Another major challenge for train operators is improving operational efficiency. Teldat addresses this by focusing on Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, incorporating Machine Learning and data analysis technologies. These innovations create smarter, more efficient systems, enabling new applications and improving the functionality of management control suites.

It also enables users to monitor device and WAN line statuses, alongside WLAN performance, to better understand system behavior and improve troubleshooting processes through detailed data correlation. With its Mobility tool, CNM gathers real-time mobility information, including vehicle location, signal coverage and quality, bandwidth usage, and data consumption. 

be.Safe essentials serves as the first layer of security for Wi-Fi Hotspot users, offering a critical complement to WAN solutions by adding content filtering, malware protection, and detailed analytics for WAN usage.

It allows trains operators to set up Navigation and Internet Usage Policies, minimizing risks associated with inappropriate Wi-Fi use that could harm the operator’s reputation. By filtering access to unwanted websites and blocking malware or viruses from entering passengers’ devices, it enhances the safety of onboard networks.

This tool also delivers in-depth analytics and productivity insights for post-processing analysis. Additionally, be.Safe essentials is omni-channel, user-friendly, and compatible with hardware from any vendor.

While Teldat CNM is the base for providing operational efficiency to train operators, Artificial Intelligence (AI) takes this optimization to the next level, driving further digitalization across the railway value chain.

The Teldat H5-Rail product is equipped with dedicated Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), allowing AI algorithms to run independently from the network routing functions. By leveraging Machine Learning techniques, this device transforms into an autonomous edge computer capable of processing and responding to external stimuli in real time. Basic use cases in the rolling stock industry include passenger counting, visual detection of unwanted objects, and real-time intermodal information. However, the potential for generative AI extends to numerous other scenarios.

For instance, IoT sensors throughout the train can provide data for predictive and decision-making algorithms, enhancing onboard security and enabling immediate reactions to various situations.